We use the AKC Registry
Be sure of what your getting.
Registries
Aiello's Long Haired Dachshunds    
~ National Registries ~

America
American Kennel Club
5580 Centerview Drive
Raleigh, NC. 27606-3390

Argentina        
Federacion Cinologica Argentina
Moreno 1325
C 1091 ABA Buenos Aires
ARGENTINA


Australia       
ACT Canine Association Inc.
PO Box 815
Dickson 2602, Australian Capital Territory
AUSTRALIA

Australian National Kennel Council
PO Box 760
Fortitude Valley 4006, Queensland
AUSTRALIA

The Canine Association of Western Australia
P.O. Box 1404
Canning Vale 6970, Western Australia
AUSTRALIA

Canine Control Council (Queensland)
P.O. Box 495
Fortitude Valley 4006, Queensland
AUSTRALIA

Kennel Control Council of Tasmania
P.O. Box 116
Glenorchy 7010, Tasmania
AUSTRALIA

The N.S.W. Canine Council
P.O. Box 632
St Marys 1790, New South Wales
AUSTRALIA

North Australian Canine Association Inc.
P.O. Box 37521
Winnellie 0821, Northern Territory
AUSTRALIA

South Australian Canine Association, Inc.
P.O. Box 844
Prospect East 5082, South Australia
AUSTRALIA

Victorian Canine Association, Inc.
Locked Bag K9
Cranbourne 3977, Victoria
AUSTRALIA



Austria     
Osterreichischer Kynologenverband
Siegfried Marcus - Strasse 7
2362 Biedermannsdorf
AUSTRIA


Barbados        
The Barbados Kennel Club
PO Box 344
Bridgetown, Barbados BB11000


Belarus         
Belorussian Cynological Union
P.O. Box 532
220050 Minsk
BELARUS


Belgium         
Societe Royale Saint-Hubert
Avenue Albert Giraud, 98
1030 Bruxelles
BELGIUM


Bermuda         
The Bermuda Kennel Club
P.O. Box HM 1455
Hamilton, HM FX
BERMUDA


Bosnia-Herzegovina         
Unija Kinoloskih Saveza Bosne - Hercegovine
Petrakijina 24
71000 Sarajevo
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA


Brazil         
Confederacao Do Brasil Kennel Clube
Rua Newton Prado
n° 74, Sao Cristovao
RJ - Cep: 20 930 - 440
Rio de Janeiro
BRAZIL


Bulgaria         
Bulgarian Republican Federation of Cynology
Str. Hristo Belchev 12, floor 3
1000 Sofia
BULGARIA



Canada         
The Canadian Kennel Club
89 Skyway Avenue, Suite 100
Etobicoke, Ontario, M9W 6R4
CANADA


Chile         
Kennel Club de Chile
Dr. Manuel Barros Borgo�o
236 Of. 1201 - 1204
Providencia
CHILE


Colombia         
Asociacion Club Canino Colombiano
Calle 121A #52-23
Bogota
COLOMBIA


Costa Rica         
Asociacion Canofila Costarricense
Apartado 593
1002 Paseo de Los Estudiantes
San Jose
COSTA RICA


Croatia         
Hrvatski Kinoloski Savez
Ilica 61
10000 Zagreb
CROATIA


Czech Republic         
Ceskomoravska Kynologicka Unie
U Pergamenky 3
CZ - 170 00 Praha 7
CZECH REPUBLIC


Denmark         
Dansk Kennel Club
Parkvej 1, 2680 Solrod Strand
DENMARK



East Africa         
East Africa Kennel Club
P.O. Box 14223, Sports Road
Westlands, Nairobi
KENYA, EAST AFRICA



Ecuador         
Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Registros Caninos
Calle Azuay E2-81 y Av. República
QUITO, ECUADOR


Estonia         
Estonian Kennel Union
Eesti Kennelliit
Siili 21-100
EE-13422 Tallinn
ESTONIA


Finland         
Finska Kennelklubben r.y.
Kamreerintie 8
02770 Espoo
FINLAND


France         
Societe Centrale Canine
155, Avenue Jean-Jaures
93535 Aubervilliers Cedex
FRANCE


Germany         
Verband fur das Hundewesen e.V.
Postfach 10 41 54
44 041 Dortmund
GERMANY
{Germany: Dachshunds Only ~  Deutscher Teckleklub 1888 e.V.}



Greece         
Kennel Club of Greece
P.O. Box 51 957
145 65 Agios Stefanos
GREECE


Holland         
Raad Van Beheer op Kynologisch Gebied in Nederland
Postbus 75901
Emmalaan 16-18
1007 AX Amsterdam-Z
THE NETHERLANDS


Hong Kong         
Hong Kong Kennel Club
3rd Floor, 28B Stanley Street, Central
HONG KONG


Hungary         
Magyar Ebtenyesztok Orszagos Egyesulete
Tetenyi ut 128/b-130
1116 Budapest
HUNGARY


Iceland         
Icelandic Kennel Club
Sioumula 15
108 Reykjavik
ICELAND


India         
The Kennel Club of India
Old Nr 89, New Nr 28, AA-Block, 1st street
600 040 Anna Nagar, Chennai
INDIA


Indonesia         
All Indonesia Kennel Club
Roxy Mas Blok D 111/28
J1.K.H.Hasyim Ashari
Jakarta 10150
INDONESIA


Ireland
(Not including Northern Ireland)         
The Irish Kennel Club
Fottrell House
Harold's Cross Bridge
Dublin 6W
IRELAND


Israel         
Israel Kennel Club
P.O. Box 10555
52005 Ramat Gan
ISRAEL


Italy         
Ente Nazionale Della Cinofilia Italiana
Viale Corsica 20
20137 Milano
ITALY

Japan         
Japan Kennel Club, Inc.
1-5 Kanda, Suda-cho, chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101-8552
JAPAN


Jamaica         
The Jamaica Kennel Club
73 Lady Musgrave Road
Kingston 10
JAMAICA


Latvia         
Latvijas Kinologiska Federacija
Daugavgrivas str., 6
Riga, LV-1007
LATVIA


Lithuania         
Lietuvos Kinologu Draugija
Maciuleviciaus g. 53
2050 Vilnius
LITHUANIA


Luxembourg         
Union Cynologique Saint Hubert du Grand Duche de Luxembourg
B.P. 69
L-4901 BASCHARAGE
LUXEMBOURG


Malaysia         
The Malaysian Kennel Association, Inc.
P.O. Box 303, Jalan Sultan
Petaling Jaya
Selangor
MALAYSIA


Malta         
Malta Kennel Club
54, Rue D'Argens
Msida MSD 05
MALTA
Tel/Fax 011 356 21 34
Email: Info@maltakennelclub.org


Mexico         
Federacion Canofila Mexicana A.C.
Apartado Postal 22-535
14001 Mexico, D.F.
MEXICO


Republic of Moldova         
Moldavian Kennel Union
Uniunea Chinologica Din Moldova
Str. Armeana 30 office 103 "B"
Chisinau, MD 2061
Republic of Moldova
Tel: 011-373-22 270383
Fax: 011-373-22 271897


Monaco         
Societe Canine de Monaco
Avenue d'Ostende 12
Palais des Congres
98000 Monte Carlo
MONACO


New Zealand         
The New Zealand Kennel Club, Inc.
Prosser Street
Private Bag 50903
Porirua 6220
NEW ZEALAND


Norway         
Norsk Kennel Klub
Nils Hansensvei 20
Box 163, Bryn
0611 Oslo
NORWAY


Pakistan         
Kennel Club of Pakistan
P.O.BOX: 3871
Clifton Karachi 75600
PAKISTAN


Panama         
Club Canino de Panama
Apartado 6
4791 El Dorado, Panama
REPUBLIC OF PANAMA


Peru         
Kennel Club Peruano
Av. Benavides 712 Of. 202
PO Box 18-0320
Lima 18 PERU


Philippines         
The Philippine Canine Club, Inc.
P.O. Box 649
Greenhills 1502
PHILIPPINES


Poland         
Zwiazek Kynologiczny w Polsce
Nowy-Swiat 35
Warszawa, ul. 00-029
POLAND


Portugal         
Clube Portuges de Canicultura
Praca D. Joao Da Camara, 4, 3.0-Esq.
1200 Lisboa
PORTUGAL


Puerto Rico         
Federación Canófila de Puerto Rico
P.O. Box 13898, Santurce Station
San Juan, PR 00908-3898


Romania         
Asociatia Chinologica Romana
Of. P. 1 Cas. p. 78, Arad
Str. Virful cu Dor. Nr. 39
Arad
ROMANIA


Russia         
Russian Kynological Federation
P.O. Box 35, RKF
Moscow, 123424
RUSSIA


San Marino         
Kennel Club San Marino
Via F. Fiori, 27
47895 Domagnano
Republica de San Marino


Singapore         
The Singapore Kennel Club
Suite 1102, 12th Floor
170, Upper Bukit Timah Road
SINGAPORE 2158


Slovakia         
Slovenska Kynologicka Jednota
Stefanikova 10
811 05 Bratislava
SLOVAK REPUBLIC


Slovenia         
Kinoloska Zveza Slovenije
1000 Ljubljana
Ilirska 27
SLOVENIA


South Africa         
The Kennel Union of Southern Africa
P.O. Box 2659
Cape Town 8000
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA


South Korea         
Korea Kennel Federation
5F, 252-23
Yongdu-dong, Dongdaemun-gu
SEOUL


Spain         
Real Sociedad Canina de Espana
C/Lagasca, 16 - Bajo Dcha
Madrid - 28001
SPAIN


Sri Lanka         
The Kennel Association of Sri Lanka
19, Race Course Avenue
Colombo 7
SRI LANKA


Sweden         
Svenska Kennelklubben
S-16385
Spanga
SWEDEN



Switzerland         
Schweizerische Kynologische Gesellschaft
Postfach 8363
3001 Bern
SWITZERLAND


Taiwan         
Kennel Club of Taiwan
471, Dai Chang 2nd Road
Kaohsiung TAIWAN R.O.C.


Thailand         
The Kennel Club of Thailand
9/338 Soi Km. 25
Phaholyothin Road
Salmai, Bangkok 10220
THAILAND


Trinidad         
The Trinidad & Tobago Kennel Club
P.O. Box 737
Port-of-Spain
TRINIDAD, WEST INDIES


Ukraine         
Ukrainian Kennel Union
Central Department
Rognidynska Str. 3
01004, Kyiv
UKRAINE


United Kingdom (England)        
The Kennel Club
1-5 Clarges Street
Piccadilly, London W1Y 8AB
ENGLAND


Uruguay         
Kennel Club Uruguayo
AVDA
URUGUAY 864


Venezuela         
Federacion Canina de Venezuela
Apartado 88665
Caracas 1080-A
VENEZUELA


Yugoslavia         
Jugoslovensky Kinolosky Savez
Alekse Nenadovica 19-23
YU - 11000 Beograd
YUGOSLAVIA


Zimbabwe         
The Zimbabwe Kennel Club
P.O. Box BE 61
Belvedere
ZIMBABWE
Other REGISTRIES

The United Kennel Club (UKC)
Was founded in 1898 by Chauncey Z. Bennett and currently owned
by Wayne R. Cavanaugh. The United Kennel Club is the second
oldest and second largest all-breed dog registry in the United
States. It registers over 250,000 dogs annually. The performance
programs of U.K.C. include Conformation Shows, Obedience Trials,
Agility Trials, Coonhound Field Trials, Water Races, Nite Hunts and
Bench Shows, hunting tests for the retrieving breeds, beagle
events including Hunts and Bench Shows, and, for Cur and Feist
Squirrel and Coon Events, and Bench Shows.
Currently, the United Kennel Club recognizes over 300 breeds of
dogs categorized into 8 groups: Companion Breeds, Guardian Dogs,
Gun Dogs, Herding Dogs, Northern Breeds, Scenthounds,
Sighthounds And Pariahs, Terriers.
~
The information shown in quotations are direct quotes
from the registry's web site and speaks for itself as to
the goals of some of these registries.

* American Canine Association (ACA) — "America's largest
veterinary health tracking purebred canine registry." — Note: In the
"Find A Puppy" section of their website, dog/puppy seekers are
referred to pet/retail stores. Very little information is available on
the website regarding their goals or mission as a registry.

* American Purebred Registry (APR) — The APR issues
registration certificates for dogs and cats. The organization was
started in 1979 to help overcome problems with lost registration
papers, whatever the reason. A pedigree file is started based on
the information provided by the owner. APR does not register
crossbreeds. Once APR accepts an application, a registration
certificate is issued and the animal is considered registered. APR is
a record keeping agency only and does not sponsor dog shows,
field trials or competitions of any kind.

* America's Pet Registry Inc. (APRI) — "An internationally
recognized association of responsible pet owners, breeders,
distributors, veterinarians, retailers, pet product manufacturers,
and other concerned parties dedicated to the humane care of
animals, the preservation of quality bloodlines, and the individual's
right of pet ownership." APRI recently re-incorporated as a for-profit
corporation. APRI was started as an insurance for the pet industry,
encouraging and promoting the sale of dogs and cats through pet
stores and distributors. APRI does not register cross breeds,
animals without prior registration as purebreds, or mongrels. APRI
has acquired Academic Kennel Records, another dog registration
service. Academic Kennel Records is an open registration service
that allows the introduction of foundation stock, thus allowing APRI
to also offer this service. — APRI promotes and encourages the sale
of dogs and cats through distributors and retailers: "America's Pet
Registry, Inc. was begun as insurance for the pet industry..." "APRI
offers free dual registrations on dogs from reputable registration
services to professional breeders. We classify a professional
breeder as one who has three or more breeding females and who
regularly sells puppies in the pet market."
APRI Code of Ethics

* American Rare Breed Association (ARBA) — The American
Rare Breed Association is One of the best known rare breed
registries in North America. ARBA recognizes rare breeds that are
recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) but
may not be recognized by the American Kennel Club. ARBA also
recognizes breeds of U.S. origin that have standards and parent
clubs as approved by their board of directors. ARBA's services
include Rare Breed Dog registrations, Conformation Dog shows,
Judges seminars, and public awareness and education of the Rare
Breed Dog.

* Animal Registry Unlimited (ARU) — Some statements found on
the opening page of their website: "We register all pets and
animals." "We guarantee that your pet or animal can be registered
with us." "Providing a registry for the development of new breeds
of useful pets and animals. Unlike many organizations we encourage
the development of new breeds."

* Animal Research Foundation (ARF) — "America's Oldes All-
Breed Registry; We register all standard breeds and new breeds.
Rare breed survival. Established 1947." Mr.Tom D. Stodghill
established ARF in 1947 as a registry for English Shepherds,
Catahoula Leopards, Australian Cattle dog Queensland Heelers,
Australian Shepherds, Rat Terriers, American Bulldogs, and all other
recognized dog breeds. In addition, ARF also registers cattle,
horses, sheep, goats, and new and rare breeds of animals. From
1953 thru 1988, Mr. Stodghill held annual Cowdog trials.
- ARF Policy & Registration Procedures
- New Breed Development / Rare Breed Survival Terms & Conditions
of ARF Acceptance
- ARF Code of Ethics for Breeders & Owners

* Continental Kennel Club (CKC) — Note: This registry is also
known as the CKC and should not be confused with the Canadian
Kennel Club,  These are two completely separate registries. — The
Continental Kennel Club has a section known as "Miscellaneous
Breed Registration" which allows for the crossing of two purebred
parents of different breed types to produce hybrid puppies.
Registered as MISC/BREED1-BREED2 and isolated from purebred
registrations, they are distinguished from other breeds on
registration certificates by having "non-purebred" printed on their
registration certificates. For developing new breeds, the
Continental Kennel Club lists these in the "Development Class".
The Continental Kennel Club has implemented a classified section
on their site where club members can advertise their breeds. If you
have a look at some of the more popular breeds such as the Cocker
Spaniel, some of the kennels advertising there include breeders of
cock-a-poos and other crosses. The Continental Kennel Club's
website provides very little information regarding their goals or
mission as a registry. For more information, however, there is a very
thorough web page at: Continental Kennel Club FAQ.
- Continental Kennel Club Rules & Regulations

* Dog Registry of America (DRA) — (Formerly the US Kennel Club)
Statements directly from the Registry's home page: "DRA Registers
rare breeds and exotic breeds. DRA Registers 'Unrecognized
Breeds'" "DRA registers poodle crosses such as cocker-poos, peke-
a-poo's as a separate class DRA takes the red tape out of
registration." "Tired of registration & documentation hassles?
Starting your own blood line? Lost or never had papers?
Developing new breeds? Breed not recognized? DRA Registers all
purebred dogs."

* Federation of International Canines (FIC) — (Not to be
confused with the FCI - Fédération Cynologique Internationale) —
From the FIC's website: "A registry founded for the preservation
and continuation of all native dog breeds, in their pure forms, from
all countries around the world. Currently recognizing over four
hundred breeds, the FIC acknowledges the very rare as well as the
better known breeds." The FIC's services include registration of
individual dogs and litters, certified pedigrees, as well as
sanctioned shows, matches and conformation championships.
Working titles are awarded at all FIC shows and all shows
sanctioned by the FIC. According to their website, the FIC is one of
the fastest growing registries worldwide. The FIC offers special
registration programs for breeds under development and they offer
multiple dog registration discounts. — Offering a special discount
for volume breeders. See Discount Rates for Breeders.
- FIC Code of Ethics

* International Progressive Dog Breeders' Alliance (IPDBA) —
"IPDBA, founded in 1996 is the first registry of its kind, uniting
breeders and enthusiasts of all breeds of dogs in one unique
registry. The IPDBA is composed of Chartered Breed Associations.
Each Chartered Breed Association has full control of their breed
standard and the requirements for registration. The founders of the
International Progressive Dog Breeders' Alliance believe that the
breeding of all animals is an art form, and as such, breeders should
have the freedom to express themselves and their vision for their
breed(s) in their breeding programs." "The IPDBA currently
recognizes more than 550 new and old breeds of dogs, making it the
largest all-breed registry in the world." "IPDBA recognizes all
breeds recognized for championship competition in at least one
other association which has been established for the purposes of
registration and exhibition of all breeds. IPDBA may accept any new
breed regardless of ancestry for registration purposes provided it
meets the criteria of being phenotypically different from an existing
recognized breed. Acceptance may be denied if there is sound
scientific evidence that there are inherent genetic problems
deleterious to the health of the dogs in question which cannot be
eliminated though selective breeding. Non-purebred dogs are not
eligible for registration unless registered as a foundation for a
breed."

* National Kennel Club (NKC) — The National Kennel Club was
established in 1970. Rare breeds are shown with equal status to
major breeds. The NKC licenses all-breed dog shows, events for
Coon Dogs, Beagles, Squirrel Dogs, Bird Dogs, Fox Dogs, Licensed
Dog Kennels, Show Judges and other related events.

* North American Purebred Dog Registry (NAPDR) — The NAPDR
was formed in 1998 and, according to their web site "is one of the
fastest growing registries in the U.S. and Canada." The NAPDR
recognizes over 300 breeds. Purebred dogs with no registration
papers can also be registered. A commercial rate for registration is
available to breeders who own five or more adult dogs of breeding
age.

* United All Breed Registry (UABR) — "[United] is a registry
service so unique that it has received two U.S. Patents, and is used
to register individual animals, breeding stock, and litters; and will
compliment any other registry service from the rare breeds to the
AKC breeds." The UABR promotes the sale of pets through retailers
— from their "About Us" page: "UNITED recommends consumers
looking for a pet be advised by professional retailers who can help
them make a more informed decision and can match the right breed
to their situation." and "UNITED promotes retailers as a reliable
source of healthy pets. We sight the "Source of Acquisition Study"
published in the "Journal Of The American Veterinary Medical
Association" as factual documentation that the health of puppies
purchased from retailers are equal and in many ways superior to
those attained from other sources."

* Universal Kennel Club International (UKCI) — The following
comes directly from the registry's "about us" page: "Universal
specializes in registering purebred canines of all breeds and fully
servicing their needs. We also register poos, hybrids and
rarebreeds under special registration programs. Universal is
becoming a leader in many areas of the pet industry..." and from
other sections of the web site: "Universal Unique Registry System
for any pure breed dog that for whatever reason is not registered in
a litter or either of its sire/dam were not registered with any registry
or if perhaps for whatever reason you were denied registry and
your dog is at least one year old." Universal also provides bulk
discounts to breeders.

* World Kennel Club (WKC) — "The WKC® registers all dogs that
are pure-bred only, which may or may not be registered with any
other kennel club or those that have no previous history of their
Sire or Dam." — Very little information is available on the website.

* World Wide Kennel Club (WWKC) — The WWKC was originally
formed in Europe in 1961 to address the need for an International
Registry for purebred dogs. It relocated to the U.S. and held its first
dog show and obedience trial in February 1990. "WWKC's objectives
include a policy to adopt and enforce uniform rules and regulations
for the improvement of all breeds." WWKC provides all registry
services including the registration of purebred, pedigreed dog
breeds, including international and rare breeds. The WWKC
recognizes all registries and clubs that are working toward the
improvement of any breed. The WWKC recognizes all registries.
"WWKC is a major registry service; registering purebred, pedigreed
dog breeds, including international and rare breeds..." "The World
Wide Kennel Club, Ltd. encourages breed improvement by requiring
the same basic adherence to breed standards as other registry
services require. However, WWKC goes one step further by
offering International Registrations for all countries. WWKC
recognizes and is willing to work with all registries and Clubs that
are working toward the improvement of any breed. Owners of any
dog registered with any other registry are invited to register and
exhibit in all WWKC dog shows and obedience trials." "The WWKC
recognizes all registries. "Owners of any dog registered with any
other registry are invited to register and exhibit in all WWKC dog
shows and obedience trials."
WWKC General Information and Rules
ABBREVIATIONS & Meanings

SL: Abbreviation for Standard Longhair.

SS: Abbreviation for Standard Smooth.

SW: Abbreviation for Standard Wirehair.

ML: Abbreviation for Miniature Longhair.

MS: Abbreviation for Miniature Smooth.

MW: Abbreviation for Miniature Wirehair

Angulation: Angles created by bones meeting at their given joints.

Anterior: The front assembly of the body.

Apron: Longer hair below the neck on the chest; also called the frill.

Articulation: Where two or more bones meet.

Balance: When all the parts of the dog, moving or standing, produce a
harmonious image.

Bandy legs: Legs that bend outward.

Barrel: A rib region that is round in cross section.

Barrel hocks: Hocks that turn out, causing the feet to toe in. Also called
spread hocks.

Bay: The prolonged bark or voice of a hunting hound.

Beard: Long, thick hair on the underjaw.

Best in Show At an All-Breed show: the only dog left undefeated at
the end of all judging on that day.

Best of Breed: Dog selected by the judge as the best representative of
a particular breed on that day.

Best of Opposite Sex: The best dog that is of the opposite sex to the
Best of Breed winner.

Best of Variety At an All-Breed show: the award that is given in lieu
of Best of Breed for those breeds divided by varieties. At specialty
shows, the Best of Variety winners are judged in the Best of Breed
competition. There are nine breeds that are divided into varieties:
Cockers, Beagles, Collies, Dachshunds, Bull Terriers, Manchester
Terriers, Chihuahuas, English Toy Spaniels, and Poodles.

Best of Winners: The dog judged as best between the Winners Dog
and Winners Bitch.

Bite: The relative position of the upper and lower teeth when the jaws
are closed. Bite positions include scissors, level, undershot, or overshot,
depending on the breed.

Bodied up: Mature, well-developed.

Body length: Distance from the prosternum (front portion of the
breastbone) to the posterior portion of the pelvic girdle.

Bone: A type of connective tissue that forms the canine skeleton.
Informally used to suggest a quantitative characteristic of limb bones in
proportion to the overall size of the dog.

Brace: (1) Two of the same breed presented together as a pair. (2)
Performance: To run dogs together in certain types of field events.

Breed standard: A word picture describing how the perfect dog of a
breed should look, move, and behave. The breed standard is owned by
the parent club, with full use extended to the AKC. (Dachshund Club of
America for Dachshunds).

Breeding age limits: According to AKC Rules, Chapter 3, Section 5,
the dam must be at least 8 months but not more than 12 years old on the
date of mating. The sire must be at least 7 months old but not more than
12 years old on the date of mating.

Brindle: A marking pattern used to describe many breeds, usually in
conjunction with another color. Layering of black hairs in regions of
lighter color (usually, fawn, brown, or gray) producing a tiger-striped
pattern. Brindle is often used to describe Great Danes, Bulldogs, and
Boxers. In Boxers, Reverse Brindle may occur; i.e., there is such a heavy
concentration of black striping that the fawn background color barely,
although clearly, shows through (appears black with fawn stripes). Color
definitions may vary by breed. Always check the breed standard for the
definitive color description.

CD: Companion Dog (the first of several Obedience Titles)

CDX: Companion Dog Excellent (the second level of Obedience Titles)

CERF: Canine Eye Registration Foundation (all breeding stock should
have their eyes checked annually and if no problems are diagnosed the
eyes can be registered with CERF)

CGC: Canine Good Citizen (a test that shows your dog  is well
socialized and well behaved)

CH: Abbreviation for CHAMPION (Show Champion)

Conformation: The form and structure, make and shape; arrangement
of the parts in conformance with breed standards.

Conformation show: Dog show where the dogs are judged on how
closely they adhere to the breeds standard. Also known as All-Breed,
Group, or Specialty shows.

Congenital: Present at birth; may have genetic or environmental
causes.


Coupling: The part of the body between the ribs and the
pelvis/hindquarters; the loin.

Cow-hocked: Hocks turning in, accompanied by toeing out of rear feet.

Crest: The upper, arched portion of the neck.

Croup: The area of the back directly above the hind legs.

Crossing over: Unsound gaiting action that starts with twisting elbows
and ends with crisscrossing and toeing out. Also called knitting and
purling and weaving.

Crown: The top part of the head; the topskull.

Cryptorchid: The adult whose testicles are abnormally retained in the
abdominal cavity. Bilateral cryptorchidism involves both sides; i.e.,
neither testicle has descended into the scrotum. Unilateral
cryptorchidism (also called monorchid) involves one side only; i.e., one
testicle is retained or hidden, and one is descended.

Depth of chest: An indication of the volume of space for heart and
lungs, and commonly referenced to the elbow (i.e., above, at the level of,
or below).

Dewclaw: An extra claw on the inside of the leg; a rudimentary fifth toe,
removed on most breeds.

DC: Dual Champion (Field CH and Show CH)

Elbow: The joint of the forearm and upper arm.

Earthdog Trial: Non-competitive tests that gauge the trained and
natural abilities of Dachshunds and small terriers to follow game to
ground, finding a caged rat in a man-made tunnel.(Also called a Den
Trial):

Expression: The general appearance of all the features of the head.

FC: Field Champion.

Finished: Term used to describe when a dog has completed its title
requirements.

Flag: A long tail carried high. Feathering on the tail.

Flank: The side of the body between the last rib and the hip.

Forearm: The portion of the front leg going from the dog's elbow to its
pastern.

Forequarters: The combined front assembly from its uppermost
component, the shoulder blade, down to the feet.

Front: The forepart of the body as viewed head-on; i.e., forelegs, chest,
brisket, and shoulder line.

Furnishings: The long hair on the extremities (including head and tail)
of certain breeds.

Gait: The pattern of footsteps at various rates of speed, each pattern
distinguished by a particular rhythm and footfall.

Gay tail: A tail carried above the horizontal level of the back.

Group show: Conformation dog show, at which championship points
may be awarded, that permits participants or breeds exclusive to an
individual group. Examples are: all-terrier show, toy show, etc.

Hackles: Hairs on neck and back raised involuntarily in fright or anger.

Harefoot: An elongated oval paw, similar to the foot of a hare.

Hock: The joint between the second thigh and the metatarsus on the
hind legs.

Keel:  The rounded outline of the lower chest- the projecting longitudinal
line that runs along the center of the chest and the bottom of the rib cage.

Knee: See stifle.

Knuckling over: Faulty structure of wrist joint allowing it to flex forward
under the weight of the standing dog. A double-jointed wrist that doubles
over when bearing the dog's weight; sometimes includes an enlarged,
protruding bone.

JE: Junior Earthdog (the first title earned at an Earthdog Trial).

Level gait: Dog moves without rise or fall of withers.

Limited registration: Restricted registration of offspring that prohibits
both AKC registration of any puppies produced by this dog and
participation in conformation events. Limited registration is assigned to a
dog by its breeder on its Dog Registration Application. It can be removed
only by the breeder.

Line breeding: The practice of mating a dog to a member of an earlier
generation of the dog's bloodline.

Loin: The side areas between the dog's ribs and hindquarters.


Major win: A win that consists of 3, 4, or 5 points in conformation
events and some performance events.

Mane: Long, thick hair on top and sides of neck.

Markings: Contrasting color or pattern in a dog's coat.

Match show: Usually an informal dog show at which no championship
points are awarded.

ME: Master Earthdog (the second level title)

Metatarsus: Part of the hind foot.

Novice class: A regular class for dogs six months of age or over that
have not, prior to the closing of entries for the show, won three first
prizes in the Novice class, a first prize in Bred-by-Exhibitor, American-
Bred, or Open classes, nor have one or more points toward their
championship.

Open class: A regular class for dogs six months of age or over.

Outcrossing: The mating of unrelated individuals of the same breed.

Overshot: The incisors of the upper jaw projecting beyond the incisors
of the lower jaw, thus resulting in a space between the respective inner
and outer surfaces.

OTCh: Obedience Trial Champion (need a CD, CDX and UD and lots of
tough completion to earn OTCh).

Parent club: The national organization designated by the AKC to
represent a specific breed.

Roach back: A convex curvature of the back involving thoracic and
lumbar regions.

Scissors bite: A bite in which the outer side of the lower incisors
touches the inner side of the upper incisors.

SE: Senior Earthdog (the most advanced Earthdog title).

Self color: One color or whole color except for lighter shadings. Color
definitions may vary by breed. Always check the breed standard for the
definitive color description.

Snow nose: Nose normally solid black, but acquires pink streak in
winter. Also called winter nose.

Soundness: The state of mental and physical health when all organs
and faculties are complete and functioning normally, each in its rightful
relation to the other.

Specialty club: A club formed to serve and responsibly promote the
interests of a single breed.

Specialty show: Conformation show in which only dogs of an
individual breed or group of breeds are eligible to enter.

Splayfoot: A flat foot with toes spreading. Open foot, open-toed.

Stack: (setup, pose) The posing of a dog in a natural position.

Stifle: The joint of the hind leg; similar to a human knee.

Stop: The step up from muzzle to back skull; indentation between the
eyes where the nasal bones and cranium meet. The place where the skull
and nose meet.

TC: Triple Champion having earned titiles in conformation (Ch.), field
(FC) and obedience (OTCh.)

TD: Tracking Dog (following a scent-trail).

TDX: Tracking Dog Excellent (following a more complicated scent-trail).

Thorax: The breastplate; the cavity in which the heart and lungs lie.

Tuck up: A shallowness of the body at the loin, causing the appearance
of a waist.

UD: Utility Dog (one of the highest obedience titles).

UDX: Utility Dog Excellent (also the UD).

Upper Arm: Between the forearm and the shoulder blade on the front
leg.

Walleye: A blue-or pearl-colored eye caused by a whitening of the iris.

Withers: The highest point of the back, top of the shoulder area above
the front legs.



AKC Titles and Abbreviations
From AKC site

The American Kennel Club has many events in which titles are offered.
Dogs who achieve these titles are entitled to have them listed on their
pedigrees and certificates, and in event catalogs. These titles become an
official part of a dog’s record with the AKC. Listed below are the various
official AKC titles with their abbreviations:

As a prefix:

* Conformation
Ch. - Champion
* Obedience
NOC - National Obedience Champion
OTCH - Obedience Trial Champion
* Tracking
CT - Champion Tracker (TD,TDX and VST)
* Agility
MACH - Master Agility Champion
* Field Trials
FC - Field Champion
AFC - Amateur Field Champion
NFC - National Field Champion
NAFC - National Amateur Field Champion
NOGDC - National Open Gun Dog Champion
AKC GDSC - AKC Gun Dog Stake Champion
AKC RGDSC - AKC Retrieving Gun Dog Stake Champion
* Herding
HC - Herding Champion
* Dual
DC - Dual Champion (Ch. and FC)
* Triple
TC - Triple Champion ( Ch., FC and OTCH)


As a suffix:

* Obedience
CD - Companion Dog
CDX - Companion Dog Excellent
UD - Utility Dog
UDX - Utility Dog Excellent
VCD1 - Versatile Companion Dog 1
VCD2 - Versatile Companion Dog 2
VCD3 - Versatile Companion Dog 3
VCD4 - Versatile Companion Dog 4
VCCH - Versatile Companion Champion
* Lure Coursing
JC - Junior Courser
SC - Senior Courser
MC - Master Courser
* Tracking
TD - Tracking Dog
TDX - Tracking Dog Excellent
VST - Variable Surface Tracker
* Agility
NA - Novice Agility
OA - Open Agility
AX - Agility Excellent
MX - Master Agility Excellent
NAJ - Novice Jumpers with Weaves
OAJ - Open Jumpers with Weaves
AXJ - Excellent Jumpers with Weaves
MXJ - Master Excellent Jumpers with Weaves
* Hunting Test
JH - Junior Hunter
SH - Senior Hunter
MH - Master Hunter

* Earthdog
JE - Junior Earthdog
SE - Senior Earthdog
ME - Master Earthdog
Other Registries
Abbreviations